Transport planning to harness emerging transport technologies
Transport planning will be required to harness emerging technologies and address a range of challenges and changes facing the transport sector.

This POSTnote updates POSTnote 455 (January 2014), summarising the latest data on scale of use, safety and quality of electronic cigarettes, and their value as a stop smoking tool. It also explores the implications of the new EU Tobacco Products Directive and regulatory approaches in the UK.
Electronic Cigarettes (450 KB , PDF)
E-cigarettes produce a vapour typically containing nicotine, which users inhale. The popularity of e-cigarettes as an alternative source of nicotine has increased rapidly in recent years, and there are almost 3m users in the UK. The market has been led by small independent companies, but all the major tobacco companies now have products.
Since POST’s last briefing on e-cigarettes, more research has taken place on the possible health risks, whether they act a gateway to smoking amongst children and non-smokers, and their potential as a tool to help people to stop or reduce their smoking.
The key points in this briefing:
You can read more about the research on all of these points in the briefing. For further reading, more detailed information can be found in two recent evidence reviews published by Public Health England and the Royal College of Physicians.
An EU Directive which regulates e-cigarettes as ‘tobacco-related products’ came into force in the UK in May 2016. These regulations restrict a product’s nicotine concentration and volume, composition, and promotion. If a company wishes to make health claims about their product’s ability to help someone to stop smoking, then they must apply to the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency for a medicines license. This would allow producers to make health claims such as effectiveness at helping people stop smoking, if they can substantiate these claims with research from well-designed trials.
Electronic Cigarettes (450 KB , PDF)
Transport planning will be required to harness emerging technologies and address a range of challenges and changes facing the transport sector.
This POSTnote will summarise the factors that affect winter mortality. It will outline evidence for policies to prevent excess winter deaths.
This POSTnote summarises the potential benefits, barriers, and negative consequences of digital transformation in central and local government.