Approved work: Carbon offsetting and carbon payback
This POSTnote will summarise the challenges that have emerged around setting standards for international offsetting and what monitoring is needed to ensure effective mitigation.

This briefing examines the basis for the Government’s estimates of environmental costs of aviation and how these could be used in policy decisions related to airport expansion and environmental regulation.
The Environmental Costs of Aviation, November 2003 (116 KB , PDF)
The Government’s policies for the future of UK air transport will be set out in a White Paper in late 2003. This will also put forward initial proposals for making the aviation industry and its users pay for their environmental costs. This briefing examines the basis for the Government’s cost estimates and how these could be used in policy decisions related to airport expansion and environmental regulation for aviation.
The Environmental Costs of Aviation, November 2003 (116 KB , PDF)
This POSTnote will summarise the challenges that have emerged around setting standards for international offsetting and what monitoring is needed to ensure effective mitigation.
This POSTnote will summarise the evidence base for restoration measures for different freshwater habitat types (complimenting the recent POSTnote and POSTbrief on habitat restoration) and the outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem service benefits such as natural flood management and water quality.
This POSTnote will summarise the challenges and opportunities for the different approaches for reducing the use of synthetic fertilisers.