Approved work: Carbon offsetting and carbon payback
This POSTnote will summarise the challenges that have emerged around setting standards for international offsetting and what monitoring is needed to ensure effective mitigation.

This POSTnote reviews oil spill clean-up technology, its limitations and issues raised
Oil Spill Clean-up (244 KB , PDF)
The Torrey Canyon wreck showed the immense problems of dealing with a large oil spill. 25 years later the spillage of Norwegian crude from the Braer on the Shetland Islands illuminates again the limits on our actual ability to mitigate the effects of massive oil spills – despite much research, development and contingency planning since 1967.
Oil Spill Clean-up (244 KB , PDF)
This POSTnote will summarise the challenges that have emerged around setting standards for international offsetting and what monitoring is needed to ensure effective mitigation.
This POSTnote will summarise the evidence base for restoration measures for different freshwater habitat types (complimenting the recent POSTnote and POSTbrief on habitat restoration) and the outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem service benefits such as natural flood management and water quality.
This POSTnote will summarise the challenges and opportunities for the different approaches for reducing the use of synthetic fertilisers.